What causes gingivitis?

Frequently Asked Question

What causes gingivitis?

Gingivitis is caused by the accumulation of plaque—a sticky, colorless film of bacteria—on the surfaces of the teeth and gums. When plaque isn’t adequately removed through regular brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar (calculus) that can only be removed by a dentist. The presence of tartar leads to further irritation and inflammation of the gums, resulting in gingivitis. Other factors contributing to gingivitis include poor oral hygiene, smoking or chewing tobacco, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy or menopause), diabetes, certain medications that reduce saliva flow, and conditions that weaken the immune system. Without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can result in tooth loss and has been linked to other systemic health issues, including cardiovascular disease. Early detection and treatment of gingivitis are crucial, as it is reversible with professional care and improved oral hygiene practices. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings, combined with daily brushing and flossing, are the best defense against this common but preventable condition. Maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding tobacco products also play a significant role in preventing gingivitis and promoting overall oral health.