What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?

Gingivitis and periodontitis are both forms of gum disease, but they differ in severity and impact on oral health. Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums due to plaque buildup. It is typically reversible with good oral hygiene and professional dental care. Symptoms include red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing or flossing. On the other hand, periodontitis is a more advanced stage of gum disease that occurs when gingivitis is left untreated. In periodontitis, the inflammation spreads to the supporting structures of the teeth, including the bone. This can lead to the formation of deep pockets between the teeth and gums, bone loss, and, eventually, tooth loss. Periodontitis requires more intensive treatment, including deep cleaning procedures like scaling and root planing and, in some cases, surgery.