What is the difference between tooth decay and cavities?

Tooth decay and cavities are closely related, but they are not precisely the same. Tooth decay refers to the process of enamel breakdown caused by acids produced by bacteria in the mouth. This process can lead to the formation of cavities, which are holes or openings in the enamel where decay has penetrated. In other words, cavities are the result of tooth decay. While all cavities are caused by tooth decay, not all decay immediately results in a cavity, especially in its early stages when it can still be reversed through remineralization.